Forced Abortion Report Citations

The following are citations for the special report, Forced Abortion in America.

Research Citations

Citations for individual cases described in the report (numbers beginning with a "C") are listed below.

1. VM Rue et. al., “Induced abortion and traumatic stress: A preliminary comparison of American and Russian women,” Medical Science Monitor 10(10): SR5-16 (2004).
 

2. See the www.theunchoice.com for futher information and cases.
 

3. I.L. Horton and D. Cheng, “Enhanced Surveillance for Pregnancy-Associated Mortality-Maryland, 1993-1998,” JAMA 285(11): 1455-1459 (2001); see also J. Mcfarlane et. al., "Abuse During Pregnancy and Femicide: Urgent Implications for Women's Health," Obstetrics & Gynecology 100: 27-36 (2002).
 

4. See www.stopforcedabortions.com.
 

5. M Gissler et. al., “Pregnancy Associated Deaths in Finland 1987-1994 -- definition problems and benefits of record linkage,” Acta Obsetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 76:651-657, (1997). Another study found that, compared to women who gave birth, women who had abortions had a 62% higher risk of death from all causes for at least eight years after their pregnancies. DC Reardon et. al., “Deaths Associated With Pregnancy Outcome: A Record Linkage Study of Low Income Women,” Southern Medical Journal 95(8):834-41, (2002).
 

6. M Gissler et. al., “Pregnancy Associated Deaths in Finland 1987-1994 -- definition problems and benefits of record linkage,” Acta Obsetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 76:651-657 (1997); and M. Gissler, “Injury deaths, suicides and homicides associated with pregnancy, Finland 1987-2000,” European J. Public Health 15(5):459-63 (2005).
 

7. Brian McQuarrie, “Guard, clinic at odds at abortion hearing,” Boston Globe, April 16, 1999.
 

8. Carol Everett with Jack Shaw, Blood Money (Sisters, OR: Multnomah Books, 1992). See also Pamela Zekman and Pamela Warwick, “The Abortion Profiteers,” Chicago Sun Times special reprint, Dec. 3, 1978 (originally published Nov. 12, 1978), p. 2-3, 33.
 

9. Julie A. Gazmararian et al., “The Relationship Between Pregnancy Intendedness and Physical Violence in Mothers of Newborns,” Obstetrics & Gynecology, 85 :1031 (1995); Hortensia Amaro et al., “Violence During Pregnancy and Substance Use,” American Journal of Public Health, 80: 575 (1990); and J. McFarlane et al., “Abuse During Pregnancy and Femicide: Urgent Implications for Women’s Health,” Obstetrics & Gynecology, 100: 27, 27-36 (2002).
 

10. “Is Your Mother’s Feminism Dead? New Agenda for Women Revealed in Landmark Two-Year Study,” press release from the Center for the Advancement of Women (www.advancewomen.org), June 24, 2003; and Steve Ertelt, “Pro-Abortion Poll Shows Majority of Women Are Pro-Life,” LifeNews.com (www.lifenews.com/nat13.html), June 25, 2003.
 

11. See Theresa Burke, Forbidden Grief: The Unspoken Pain of Abortion (Springfield, IL: Acorn Books, 2000) and www.theunchoice.com.
 

12. “National Opinion Survey of 600 Adults Regarding Attitudes Toward a Pro-Woman/Pro-Life Agenda,” proprietary poll commissioned by the Elliot Institute, conducted in Dec. 2002.
 

13. D. Reardon, Abortion Malpractice (Denton, TX: Life Dynamics, 1993)
 

14. JR Cougle, DC Reardon & PK Coleman, “Depression Associated With Abortion and Childbirth: A Long-Term Analysis of the NLSY Cohort,” Medical Science Monitor 9(4):CR105-112, 2003.
 

15. Frank, et.al., "Induced Abortion Operations and Their Early Sequelae," Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners 35(73):175-180, April 1985; Grimes and Cates, "Abortion: Methods and Complications", in Human Reproduction, 2nd ed., 796-813; M.A. Freedman, "Comparison of complication rates in first trimester abortions performed by physician assistants and physicians," Am. J. Public Health 76(5):550-554, 1986).
 

16. Franz, W. & Reardon, D., “Differential Impact of Abortion on Adolescents & Adults,” Adolescence, 27(105):162-172.
 

17. Saltzman, L. & Policar, M., The Complete Guide to Pregnancy Testing and Counseling (Alameda, CA: Planned Parenthood, 1985) 113-114.
 

18. See “Helping Predators, Harming Teens: Abortion Clincis and the Cover-Up of Sex Crimes” at www.theunchoice.com/articles/coverup.htm.
 

19. See the list of risk factors and citations to published studies at www.afterabortion.org/riskfactors.html.
 

20. Elaine Hilberman and Kit Munson, “Sixty Battered Women,” Victimology, 2: 460-470 (1977-78).
 

21. See the many cases listed throughout this report. See also “The Many Faces of Coercion,” The Post-Abortion Review, 8(1): 5-6 (Jan.-March 2000); and R.M. Tolman, “Protecting the children of battered women,” J. Interpersonal Violence, 3(4): 476-483 (1988).

Individual Cases Part I

C2. Amanda Covarrubias, “$7.7 m for actor fired over pregnancy,” The Age, Dec. 24, 1997, p. A7; cited in Melinda Tankard-Reist, Giving Sorrow Words (Sydney, Australia: Duffy & Snellgrove, 2000) p. 243.

C3. “Fired Basketball Coach Settles Pregnancy Discrimination Lawsuit,” Pro-Life Infonet, Sept. 16, 2002; Anne Benjaminson and George Chikovani, “Stanley Told Former Assistant to Have Abortion,” The Daily Californian, Sept. 17, 2002; Ted Olsen, “Forcing Abortions: Mandated abortions happen in the U.S., too,” Christianity Today, Nov. 18, 2002, Sally C. Pipes, “Choice Contradictions, Double Standards,” The Contrarian, Vol. 6, No. 10, Oct. 8, 2002.

C4. Mark Bowes, “Forced-Abortion Suit Settled for $25,000 But Shelter Denies Making Eviction Threat,”  Richmond Times Dispatch Oct. 29, 1998, p. A1; “The Many Faces of Coercion,” The Post-Abortion Review, 8(1):6, Jan.-March 2000.

C5. Pro-Life Infonet, Aug. 2, 1999; “The Many Faces of Coercion,” The Post-Abortion Review, 8(1):6, Jan.-March 2000.

C6. “Fearing Job Discrimination, DC Woman ‘Forced’ to Have Abortion,” Pro-Life Infonet, attributed to Washington Times, Aug. 30, 2001; “Disciplinary Action Against EMS Supervisor in Coerced Abortion Case,” SPUC News Service, attributed to Washington Times, Aug. 13, 2002; “More DC Medics Say They Were Forced to Have Abortions,” Pro-Life Infonet, attributed to Washington Times, Cybercast News Service; August 31, 2001; “EMS Chief Who Coerced Medics’ Abortions Retires,” Pro-Life Infonet, attributed to Washington Times, Sept. 23, 2002; Carol D. Leonnig, “3 Women to Receive Payment in Bias Suit,” Washington Post, September 15, 2005; Page DZ01.

C7. Miami Herald, Feb. 7, 1999;  “The Many Faces of Coercion,” The Post-Abortion Review, 8(1):5-6, Jan.-March 2000.

C9. Steven Ertelt, “Maternity Store Sued for Pregnancy Discrimination After Employee Fired,” LifeNews.com, June 30, 2003; Theo Emery (AP), “Maternity wear company sued by woman fired while pregnant,” Portsmouth Herald, June 27, 2003; “Maternity Clothier Case Settled,” 6 Action News (ABC, www.6abc.com), July 26, 2005.

C10. Jury Awards Florida Woman in Coercive Abortion Case,” Pro-Life Infonet, attributed to Associated Press, Feb. 11, 2001.

C11. "NutriSystem Settles EEOC Pregnancy Discrimination Case," Philadelphia Business Journal, May 21, 2008; Dalia Fahmy, “Mothers Accuse Goldman Sachs, Citigroup of Discrimination,” ABC News, March 29, 2010; " Joanna Grossman, "A Marked Increase in Pregnancy Discrimination Claims and Other Key Developments Illustrate the Continuing Struggle of Pregnant Workers," FindLaw.com, April 1, 2008.

Individual Cases Part III

C24. Associated Press, New York Times; April 15, 2000; Reuters, May 25, 2000; London Electronic Telegraph, June 11, 2000; New York Post, Dec. 1, 2000; Associated Press, Jan. 11, 2001; New York Times, April 22, 2001.

C25. Arkansas Democrat Gazette; February 8, 2001; Associated Press, Feb. 9, 2001; Arkansas Democrat-Gazette, April 3, 2001; quoted in SPUC News Digest, 04/05/01; Associated Press, Nov. 5, 2001.

C26. “Man beats his girlfriend outside clinic,” The Washington Times, Aug. 18, 1997; “Pro-lifers ask for use of abortion clinic law,” The Washington Times, Aug. 19, 1997; “No charges filed yet in clinic attack,” The Washington Times, Aug. 21, 1997; “U.S. Attorney probes abortion-clinic attack,” The Washington Times, Aug. 22, 1997; “Abusive boyfriend still at large,” The Washington Times, Sept. 6, 1997; “Man charged with assault in clinic attack,” The Washington Times, Oct. 9, 1997; “Man admits abortion-clinic beating,” The Washington Times, March 6, 1998; “Pro-lifers see double standard in Justice actions,” The Washington Times, June 12 1998; Brian MacQuarrie, “Guard, Clinic at Odds at Abortion Hearing,” Boston Globe, April 16, 1999.

C29. The Newsletter of Life Dynamics, Inc., (www.LifeDynamics.com) Edition 2, 2008, p. 5

C30. Las Vegas Review-Journal, June 27, 2003; Glenn Puit. “Las Vegas Man Faces Charges: Viability of Fetus to Survive Outside Womb Might be Key.” Las Vegas Review-Journal, December 9, 2002; Steve Ertelt’s Pro-Life Infonet at http://www.prolifeinfo.org, December 10, 2002; Carri Geer Thevenot. “Pregnant Woman Stabbing: Man Gets 18-Year Sentence,” Las Vegas Review-Journal, June 27, 2003.

C31. National Right to Life News, Feb. 2001.

C33. Richard Halloran. “The Rising East: Millions Victimized by Modern-Day Slavery.” The Honolulu Advertiser, November 19, 2002; Amy Klein. "10 Charged as Human Smugglers: N.J. Ring Lured Girls Into Servitude, U.S. Says." The Record [Bergen County, New Jersey], July 22, 2005, page A01.

C35. St. Louis Post Dispatch, May 22, 2002.

C36. Paul Nowak, “South Dakota Man Charged With Two Crimes in Unborn Victims Case,” LifeNews.com, Nov. 27, 2003 (www.lifenews.com/state238.html); “Man charged with 2 counts of assault,” The Rapid City Joural (www.rapidcityjournal.com), Nov. 23, 2003; “Man charged with killing unborn baby to stay in jail,” The Rapid City Journal, Nov. 26, 2003; “House Oks fetal homicide measure,” The Mercury News (www.mercurynews.com), Feb. 27, 2004); Scott Waltman, “Aberdeen man gets 35 years in prison,” Aberdeen American News (aberdeennews.com), March 27, 2004, p. 1A.

C39. Theresa D. Mcclellan. “Man Faces Rare Charge of Trying to Hurt Fetus.” The Grand Rapids Press, September 11, 2003

C41. Associated Press; Feb. 1, 2001; Associated Press, June 6, 2001.

C43. Charles Bosworth, Jr., “Man held in death of twins born early,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Jan. 6, 1996, p. 1B; Charles Bosworth, Jr., “Woman:Kick was accident, but man to be tried in death of twins,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Jan. 27, 1996, p. 1B; Charles Bosworth, Jr., “Father faces sentencing for causing girls’ deaths,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, May 4, 1996, p. 3B; Charles Bosworth, Jr., “Man gets five years for kick fatal to unborn daughters,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, March 28, 1997, p. 1B; Terry Hillig, “Man Is Accused of Second Attack on Pregnant Wife.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 14, 1999, p. B5; Terry Hillig, “Man who beat pregnant wife goes free on lesser charge.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 14, 1999, p. B5 [all stories archived at www.nl.newsbank.com]; American Life League’s Communique, January 21, 2000.

C47. Debra Rosenberg. “The War Over Fetal Rights.” Newsweek Magazine, June 9, 2003; Testimony of Tracy Marciniak before the House Judiciary Constitution Subcommittee, on the Unborn Victims of Violence Act of 2003 (H.R. 1997), July 8, 2003; Charles Colson. “One Victim or Two?: The Unborn Victims of Violence Act.” BreakPoint with Charles Colson, September 10, 2003. See also Tracy’s testimony posted on www.nrlc.org.

C50. “Pennsylvania Man Sentenced After Punching Pregnant Girlfriend,” LifeNews.com In Brief, Aug. 27, 2003.

C51. Denise A. Raymo. “Abortion Charge Tied to Beating Miscarriage.” The [Plattsburgh, New York] Press-Republican, September 20, 2001; Denise A. Raymo. “Plea in ‘Abortion’ Case: Malone Man to be Sentenced for Kicking Girlfriend.” The [Plattsburgh, New York] Press-Republican, April 3, 2002; Sue Botsford. “Man Whose Attack Aborted Baby Sentenced to Maximum.” Plattsburgh, New York Press-Republican, May 21, 2002. Downloaded from http://www.pressrepublican.com on May 22, 2002.

C52. Associated Press, “Man Charged with Attempted Murder, Abortion in Attack on Pregnant Girlfriend,” Newsday.com, July 11, 2003; “Man accused of stabbing girlfriend,” Capital News 9 (www.capitalnews9.com), July 12, 2003; “Albany man arraigned for attack,” Capital News 9, July 17, 2003; “Man convicted of abortion and assault,” Capital news 9, May 9, 2004.

C53. “Lima Doctor and Wife Indicted in Fetus Plot.” Toledo Blade, August 31, 2000; “Doctor Guilty of Attempted Kill.” FindLaw Legal News online, October 1, 2001; Associated Press, October 1, 2001; “Doctor Guilty of Attempting to Cause Girlfriend’s Abortion.” Steven Ertelt’s Pro-Life Infonet at www.prolifeinfo.org/infonet.html, October 2, 2001; Rob Modic. “Wife of Convicted Doctor Gets Community Service Instead of Jail Sentence: Judge Puts Tammy Muntzing on Probation.” Dayton Daily News, November 29, 2001; Rob Modic. “Woman Sues Ex-Doctor, Wife Over Miscarriage.” Downloaded from www.DaytonDailyNews.com on January 11, 2003.

C55. “’Free Me Without Bail,’ Asks Lawyer Accused of Plotting to Kill Woman.” Miami Herald, September 22, 1993; Trevor Jensen. “Hollywood Lawyer Found Guilty for Plotting Murder.” Florida Sun-Sentinel, January 21, 1995, pages 1B and 5B; “Man Who Attacked Girlfriend After Abortion Refusal Freed From Prison.” Florida Sun-Sentinel, December 15, 2000; Pro-Life Infonet at http://www.prolifeinfo.org/infonet.html, December 19, 2000.

C56. Karen Sudol. "Man Who Paid to Injure Woman Gets Seven Years: Wanted His Girlfriend to Miscarry." Asbury Park Press [New Jersey], January 1, 2007.

C60. “Physician Indicted for Illegal Abortions.” Washington Times, November 3, 1989; Tyler Morning Telegraph, June 12 and 13, 1991; Associated Press, February 9, 1989; Ken Kusmer. “Abortions Cost Doctor 16 Years.” The Oregonian, August 1, 1991; and Frontline Updates. “Indiana Abortionist Gets 16-Year Prison Term.” National Right to Life News, August 13, 1991, page 12; The Indiana Health Profession Bureau Case #89 MLB 003.

C61. David Doege, “Killing of fetus brings 30 years,” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel (www.jsonline.com/news), Dec. 15, 2000.

C62. "Police: Father Admits to Beating Pregnant Teen," WEWS Cleveland Channel 5 (www.newsnet5.com) July 7, 2008; "Father Jailed, Accused of Beating Pregnant Daughter," 19ActionNews.com, July 7, 2008.

C64. Associated Press, Oct. 26, 2002.

C65.  Leslie Bond. "Minnesota Man Convicted Of Assault And Criminal Abortion Gets Nine-Year Sentence." National Right to Life News, August 21, 1986, page 6.

C66. Steven Ertelt, "Ohio Teenagers Found Guilty of Attacking Pregnant Girl, Killing Unborn Baby," LifeNews.com, April 15, 2008; Steven Eterlt, "Ohio Teen Who Killed Girlfriend's Unborn Baby After Abortion Refusal Begins Trial," LifeNews.com, April 8, 2008; Steven Eterlt, "Ohio Teen Wasn't Father of Unborn Baby He Killed in Attack on Pregnant Mom," LifeNews.com, April 2, 2008

C67. Associated Press. "Jury Finds Three Guilty of Beating Pregnant Woman." Sarasota Herald‑Tribune, April 4, 2006.

Individual Cases Part IV

C68. Associated Press; January 8, 2002 cited in Pro-Life Infonet, Jan. 10, 2002.

C69. Greensboro News & Record; June 11, 2001; Alicia Rutland, “Holliman Guilty of Murder; Judge Catherine Eagles Sentences Shawn Michael Holliman to Life in Prison Without the Possibility of Parole,” Greensboro News-Record, July 14, 2001, B1.

C70. LifeNews.com, February 14, 2008 (www.lifenews.com/state2902.html); Steven Ertelt, Ohio Police Officer Charged With Killing Pregnant Woman, Nine Month Baby, LifeNews.com, June 25, 2007 (www.lifenews.com/state2354.html), “Jury Returns for Bobby Cutts Jr.'s Sentencing in Murder of Pregnant Lover,” Associated Press on FoxNews.com, Feb. 25, 2008; Friend: Ex‑Cop Threatened to Kill Pregnant Girlfriend Jessie Davis Month Before She Disappeared, Associated Press on FoxNews.com, Feb. 6, 2008; Steven Ertelt, “Ohio Policeman Bobby Cutts Guilty of Killing Pregnant Girlfriend, Unborn Child,”

C71. Pam Zubeck and Anslee Willett. “Slain Fetus Fuels Calls for Law.” Colorado Springs Gazette, August 21, 2002; Bill Hethcock. “Girl’s Killer Pleads Guilty.” Colorado Springs Gazette, November 27, 2002; Lynn Bartels, “Panel sets aside fetal death bill,” Rocky Mountain News, Feb. 10, 2006.

C72. Arkansas Democrat‑Gazette, Feb. 9, 2000.

C73. Associated Press, April 23, 2002; Augusta Chronicle, Dec. 9, 2002.

C74. John Moritz. “Man Who Killed the 10-Year-Old He Impregnated Scheduled to Die.” Fort Worth Star-Telegram, November 11, 2003; Edward Lewis LaGrone v. Douglas Dretke, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division, United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit, No. 02-10976, filed September 2, 2003.

C75. Steven Ertelt, “Pennsylvania Man Charged With Killing Pregnant Woman, Unborn Baby,” LifeNews.com (www.lifenews.com/state1162.html), Aug. 22, 2005; Steven Ertelt, “Pennsylvania Man Killed Woman After She Refused Abortion,” LifeNews.com ( www.lifenews.com/state1166.html) Aug. 24, 2005; “Another Figueroa Arrest Imminent,” WPVI‑TV 6 (ABC), (http://abclocal.go.com/wpvi/story?section=local&id=3373362), Aug. 23, 2005; Steven Ertelt, "Pennsylvania Trial Opens on Man Killing Woman Who Refused Abortion," LifeNews.com, Oct. 13, 2006 (www.lifenews.com/state1890.html); Steven Ertelt, "Man Convicted of Killing Woman Who Refused Abortion and Her Baby," LifeNews.com, October 17, 2006 (www.lifenews.com/state1895.html).

C76. Donna St. George, “Violence Intersects Lives of Promise: Relatives and Friends Evoke the Women and Their Paths Toward Death,” Washington Post, Dec. 20, 2004, p. A01.

C77. Rob Seal, “Dale City murder trial to start,” Manassas Journal Messenger (PotomacNews.com), Dec. 19, 2005; Rob Seal, “Judge to decide Williams’ fate,” Manassas Journal Messenger (PotomacNews.com), Dec. 20, 2005; Rob Seal, “Williams guilty of murder and abduction,” Manassas Journal Messenger (PotomacNews.com), Dec. 20, 2005; Ian Shapira, “Dale City Man Found Guilty In Deaths of Fetus, Mother: Killer, Who Thought He Was Father, Faces Life Term,” Washington Post, Dec. 21, 2005, p. B02.

C78. Associated Press. "Casino Security Guard Pleads Guilty to Murder in Teen's Beating Death." PhillyBurbs.com, May 28, 2003; Americans United for Life. 2004 State Report Cards, page 61.

C79. Garth Stapley. “Peterson Charges Mirror ‘81 Trial: Murray Refrained From Commenting on the Bunyard Case.” The Modesto Bee, September 13, 2003.

C80. "Jersey Man Guilty In 7 Fire Deaths." New York Times, January 30, 1987.

C81. “Life Notes: Unborn Babies Murdered,” Life in Oregon [Oregon Right to Life], Dec. 1999-Jan. 2000, p. 7; Tim Doulin, “Aggravated Murder Charge Too Severe, Defense Attorney Says: Sean Steele Intended to Harm Barbara Watkins Because She Refused to Have an Abortion, Prosecutors Say,” Columbus Dispatch, March 31, 2000.

C82. Associated Press (May 18, 2002); Associated Press; May 31, 2002.

C83. The Oklahoman, May 21, 1999.

C84. “Husband Charged With Wife’s Murder.” 28 News [Tampa, Florida], June 25, 2002; “State Man Charged in Wife’s Murder in Florida: Peck Waives Extradition.” ChannelOklahoma, June 26, 2002; Vickie Chachere, The Associated Press. “Man Goes on Trial Today in Death of Pregnant Wife.” Orlando Sentinel, September 2, 2003; “Tampa Jury Convicts Oklahoma Man in Pregnant Wife’s Murder.” Tampa Herald Tribune, September 16, 2003; “Man Convicted of Killing Pregnant Wife Who Refused Abortion.” Steven Ertelt’s LifeNews at http://www.lifenews.com, September 10, 2003; Joshua Pace. “Pursuing a Killer Pays Off After Seven Years” and “Family Finally Finds Solace When Murderer Charged With Woman’s Death.” The Norman Transcript, KOCO Television [Oklahoma City, Oklahoma] October 5 and 6, 2003.

C85. Los Angeles Times, May 21, 1998.

C86. The Blade (Toledo, OH) Feb. 10, 2000; The Blade, Feb. 19, 2000; “Ohio Man Might Receive Death Penalty in Feticide Death.” Pro-Life Infonet, February 2, 2000; “Man Shoots His Girlfriend When She Won’t Abort.” Pro-Life Infonet, February 2, 2000; “Victim’s Mother Testifies Boyfriend Wanted Woman to Have an Abortion.” Associated Press, February 7, 1999 and February 8, 2000.

C87. Steve Lieberman and Jane Lerner. "Neighbor Charged in 16-Year-Old's Murder; Chaos in Court." The Journal News [Rockland, New York], June 30, 2006; Steve Ertelt. "New York Man Who Killed Pregnant Girlfriend for Refusing Abortion Sentenced." LifeNews.com, March 2, 2007.

C88. Associated Press, May 21, 2001; from Pro-Life Infonet, May 24, 2001; “Death Penalty Sought in Bombing Conviction.” The Virginian-Pilot, May 24, 2001;  Donna St. George, “Killings of new, expectant mothers mount,” The Washington Post, Dec. 18, 2004 as cited on msnbc.msn.com/id/6732499.

C89. Associated Press, Nov. 20, 2000; Associated Press, Nov. 29, 2000; Court TV, Dec. 10, 2000; Associated Press, Dec. 12, 2000; Associated Press, Jan. 20, 2001; Associated Press, Jan. 22, 2001; Associated Press, Feb. 27, 2001; “Hearing Held in Rae Carruth’s Civil Trial in Unborn Victims Suit,” www.lifenews.com/nat161.html.

C90. Steve Ertelt, “Colorado Man Won’t Be Charged for Killing Unborn Child,” LifeNews.com (www.lifenews.com/state184.html), Oct. 12, 2003; Lynn Bartels, “Panel sets aside fetal death bill,” Rocky Mountain News, Feb. 10, 2006.

C91. Pro-Life Infonet Monthly Summary, June 4, 2000.

C92. Salt Lake Tribune, Sept. 10, 2000.

C93. Shane Benjamin. “Confession May Solve ‘01 Murder.” Durango Herald, August 12, 2003.

C94. Dayton Daily News, March 1, 2002; Associated Press, “Boyfriend Gets Prison in Slaying,” March 4, 2002; Lifetalk Video News, April 2002.

C95. "Slain Woman Was Pregnant With Ex-Brother-In-Law's Child." WNBC Television Channel 4 News [NBC, New York City Metropolitan Area], February 25, 2005; Bart Jones. "Kin: Killed Over 'Love for Life'." Newsday [Long Island, New York], February 28, 2005; John Sullivan. "Man Admits Killing Sister-in-Law." New York Times, April 18, 2007.

C96. Salt Lake Tribune, Jan. 8, 2002.

C97. Emanuella Grinberg. "Prosecutor: Married Man Killed Pregnant Girlfriend to Avoid Burden of Illegitimate Child." Court TV, October 23, 2006; Emanuella Grinberg. "Jury Convicts Sanitation Worker of Shooting Pregnant Mistress, Dumping Body in River." Court TV, October 25, 2006.

C98. Lynette Meachum. “Victim’s Mom: `He Could Con Anybody’.” The Sun [Bremerton, Washington], September 22, 1999; Tracey Cooper. “Family of Murdered Woman Sue Killer, State.” Central Kitsap Reporter, August 2, 2002.

C99. R.S. Shankar. “Many Unanswered Questions in Doctor’s Murder.” Indiainfo.com, November 24, 1999; Richard Winton. “Defense Rests, Mistrial Bid Denied in Doctor’s Slaying Case.” Los Angeles Times, November 22, 2000; Suman Guha Mozumder. “U.S. Doctor Convicted.” December 9, 2000, The India Tribune Online, www. tribuneindia.com/20001211/ world.htm (downloaded on February 19, 2001).

C100. Dean Pritchard, "Victim left to die in snow: Killer's Careless Dump of Victim Revealed," Canoe News Network (Canada), Oct. 10, 2009; "Fernando Killers Plead Guilty," CBC News, Oct. 8, 2009; "Pregnant Woman's Killers Get Life," CBC News, Oct. 9, 2009; "Replay: Life sentences handed down to Fernando killers," Winnipeg Free Press, Oct. 9, 2009; Dean Pritchard, "Confession played key role in murder trial," Winnipeg Sun, Oct. 10, 2009.

C101. Associated Press, "NYC Father Admits Killing Daughter, 14, Found in Boiler Pregnant With His Child, FoxNews.com, Oct. 9, 2009.

C102. Derrick Nunnally, “Jury convicts man of killing fetus, girlfriend,” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel (www.jsonline.com), May 6, 2004; LifeNews.com, May 11, 2004; Derrick Nunnanlly, “Man sentenced to life in prison for killing pregnant woman, fetus,” Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, June 11, 2004.

C103. “Suspect Arrested and Charged in Murder of Pregnant Woman,” (Baltimore) WJZ TV 13 News (www.wjz.com/localstories/local_story_199062842.html), July 18, 2003; Jason Song, “Suitland Man, 27, Charged in Killing of Columbia Woman: Mother of 2 Was Pregnant When She Was Shot May 4,” The Baltimore Sun, July 19, 2003; Lisa Goldberg, “Man Indicted in Internet Sex Sting Case: Unrelated Abuse, Murder Suspects Also Face Charges,” The Baltimore Sun, Aug. 14, 2003; Donna St. George, “Violence Intersects Lives of Promise: Relatives and Friends Evoke the Women and Their Paths Toward Death,” Washington Post, Dec. 20, 2004, p. A01.

C104. Associated Press, "Texas Court: Fetus Death Can Be Murder," The Guardian (UK), Nov. 22, 2007 (www.guardian.co.uk/worldlatest/story/0,,‑7097139,00.html); Steven Ertelt, "Texas Criminal Court Upholds Conviction Under Unborn Victims Law," LifeNews.com, Nov. 22, 2007 (www.lifenews.com/state2616.html).

C105. Liz Townsend. “Prosecutors Across the Country File Charges in Unborn Babies’ Deaths.” National Right to Life News, December 1999.

C106. Kevin Cullen, “Stuart Case Leaves Legacy of Bitterness,” Boston Globe, Oct. 23, 1994; Sherry Dorsey, “Matthew Stuart set to depart prison today,” Boston Globe, June 21, 1995; City Confidential television show, March 21, 2004.

C107. Hazel Trice Edney, “Tragedy Robs Youth of Life with Mother,” Sacramento Observer, July 21, 2003 (http://www.sacobserver.com//news/072103/donnie_randall.shtml).

C108. Norwich Bulletin; December 30, 2002; “Slaying Suspect Arrested.” American-Republican, January 3, 2002; Gail Ellen Daly. “After 22 Months, `Jenny’s Law’ Becomes a Reality.” The Chronicle [Willimantec, Connecticut], October 11, 2003; State Representative T.R. Rowe [Republican-123rd District], Trumbull, Connecticut. “There’s More Than One Way to Fight Domestic Violence.” Connecticut State Republicans, posted at www.housegop.state.ct.us/pressrel/Rowe/2002/press123.htm (Oct. 27, 2003); Donna St. George, “States Add Penalties for Death of Unborn,” Washington Post, Dec. 20, 2004; p. A06.

C109. Steven Ertelt, "Maryland Man Gets Life in Prison for Killing Girlfriend and Her Unborn Child," LifeNews.com, Sept. 14, 2008.

C110. Senate to Vote on Unborn Victims of Violence Act,” Press release from National Right to Life Committe, March 20, 2004, www.nrlc.org.

C111. “Man Pleads Guilty to Murder Charge,” WVLT-8 TV [Knoxville, Tennessee], October 12, 2003.

C112. Mark Kiesling. “Man Pleads Guilty to Overpass Murder: Dropped Pregnant Girlfriend Into Borman Traffic.” Northwest Indiana News, July 30, 2003.

C113. “Man Sentenced in Murders of Pregnant Girlfriend, Newborn Baby,” Wave 3 TV Louisville (www.wave3.com), Dec. 11, 2003.

C114. Jaime Levy, “Ex-boyfriend, others face charges in 2002 slayings,” Charlotte Observer (www.charlotteobserver.com), May 19, 2004; “Police Solve Double Homicide,” www.ci.concord.nc.us, May 7, 2004; “Third Person Charged in 2002 Concord Homicide, www.wsoctv.com, May 18, 2004; Scott Jenkins, “Local men charged with murder of mother, unborn baby,” Salisbury Post (www.salisbury.post.townnews.com), May 7, 2004.

C115. Jonathan Lemire, Barbara Ross, and Austin Fenner, “Bust ‘animal,’ New York Daily News (www.nydailynews.com), April 17, 2004.

C116. Ramon Coronado. "Double Murder Case is Outlined: Jury Will Now Decide Fate of Teen Accused of Shooting Pregnant Girlfriend in the Head." Sacramento Bee, May 14, 2004; Ramon Coronado. "Jury Takes Less Than 2 Hours to Convict in Double Murder." Sacramento Bee, May 15, 2004.

C117. Tim Potter. "Slain Teen had Been Pressured, Filing Says." The Wichita Eagle, June 20, 2006; Suzanne Perez Tobias. "A Smart, Smiling Girl with a Secret." The Wichita Eagle, July 3, 2006; Tim Potter. "Teen Pleads Guilty in Brooks Case." The Wichita Eagle, July 14, 2006.